Potassium
cyanide is an inorganic compound with the formula KCN. This colorless
crystalline compound, similar in appearance to sugar, is highly soluble
in water. Most KCN is used in gold mining, organic synthesis, and
electroplating. Smaller applications include jewelry for chemical
gilding and buffing.
KCN is highly toxic. The moist solid emits small amounts of hydrogen cyanide due to hydrolysis, which tastes like bitter almonds. Not everyone, however, can taste this: the ability to do so is a genetic trait.
It is used by entomologists as a killing agent in collecting jars, as most insects succumb within seconds, minimizing damage of even highly fragile specimens.
KCN is produced by treating hydrogen cyanide with a 50% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, followed by evaporation of the solution in a vacuum:
HCN + KOH ? KCN + H2O
or by treating formamide with potassium hydroxide:
HCONH2 + KOH ? KCN + 2H2O
Approximately 50,000 tons of potassium cyanide are produced yearly
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KCN is highly toxic. The moist solid emits small amounts of hydrogen cyanide due to hydrolysis, which tastes like bitter almonds. Not everyone, however, can taste this: the ability to do so is a genetic trait.
It is used by entomologists as a killing agent in collecting jars, as most insects succumb within seconds, minimizing damage of even highly fragile specimens.
KCN is produced by treating hydrogen cyanide with a 50% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, followed by evaporation of the solution in a vacuum:
HCN + KOH ? KCN + H2O
or by treating formamide with potassium hydroxide:
HCONH2 + KOH ? KCN + 2H2O
Approximately 50,000 tons of potassium cyanide are produced yearly
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In aqueous solution, KCN is dissociated into hydrated K+ ions and CN-. As a solid, the salt crystallizes such that the cations and anions organize like Na+ and Cl- in NaCl. The cations and anions six-coordinate. Each K+ is linked to two pi-bonds of the CN- as well as two links each to C and N each. Since CN- is diatomic, the symmetry of the solid is lower than that in NaCl. The cyanide anions form sheets. The CN- ions rapidly rotate in the solid at ambient temperature such that the time averaged shape of the CN- ions is spherical
KCN and its close relative sodium cyanide (NaCN) are widely used in organic synthesis for the preparation of nitriles and carboxylic acids, particularly in the von Richter reaction.
In gold mining, KCN forms the water-soluble salt potassium gold cyanide (or gold potassium cyanide) and potassium hydroxide from gold metal in the presence of oxygen (usually from the surrounding air) and water:
4 Au + 8 KCN + O2 + 2 H2O ? 4 K[Au(CN)2] + 4 KOH
A similar process uses sodium cyanide (NaCN, a close relative of potassium cyanide) to produce sodium gold cyanide (NaAu(CN2)).
Very few other methods exist for this extraction process.
KCN can be detoxified most efficiently with hydrogen peroxide:[2]
KCN + H2O2 ? KOCN + H2O
Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of cellular respiration, acting on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase and hence blocking oxidative phosphorylation. This prevents the body from oxidizing food to produce useful energy. Lactic acidosis then occurs as a consequence of anaerobic metabolism. Initially, acute cyanide poisoning causes a red or ruddy complexion in the victim because the tissues are not able to use the oxygen in the blood. The effects of potassium and sodium cyanide are identical. The person loses consciousness, and death eventually follows over a period of time. During this period, convulsions may occur. Death occurs not by cardiac arrest, but by hypoxia of neural tissue.
The lethal dose for potassium cyanide is 200-300 mg.[6] The toxicity of potassium cyanide when ingested depends on the acidity of the stomach, because it must react with an acid to become hydrogen cyanide, the deadly form of cyanide. Grigori Rasputin may have survived a potassium cyanide poisoning because his stomach acidity was unusually low.
A number of prominent persons were killed or committed suicide using potassium cyanide, including members of the Black Hand and members of the Nazi Party, such as Hermann Göring and Heinrich Himmler, World War II era British agents (using purpose-made suicide pills), computer scientist Alan Turing, and various religious cult suicides such as by the Peoples Temple and Heaven's Gate. Also members of the LTTE involved in the assassination of Indian prime minister Rajiv Gandhi committed suicide using potassium cyanide
.
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KCN is highly toxic. The moist solid emits small amounts of hydrogen cyanide due to hydrolysis, which smells like bitter almonds. Not everyone, however, can smell this odor: the ability to do so is a genetic trait.
Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of cellular respiration, acting on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase and hence blocking oxidative phosphorylation. This prevents the body from oxidizing food to produce useful energy. Lactic acidosis then occurs as a consequence of anaerobic metabolism. Initially, acute cyanide poisoning causes a red or ruddy complexion in the victim because the tissues are not able to use the oxygen in the blood. The effects of potassium and sodium cyanide are identical. The person loses consciousness, and death eventually follows over a period of time. During this period, convulsions may occur. Death occurs not by cardiac arrest, but by hypoxia of neural tissue.
Angular distribution measurements of the helium atom scattering intensity from monolayer films of KCN/KBr(001) for several azimuths over a temperature range of approximately 40–200 K reveal that above ˜95 K the KCN monolayer forms a (1×1) overlayer structure with respect to the KBr substrate. (The lattice spacing of bulk KCN in the rocksalt-structure phase differs from that of KBr by only ˜ 1%.) Below this temperature the overlayer appears to be (2×1), and “missing” diffraction spots in the <110> high symmetry direction suggest the existence of a glide plane. The inferred structure for this low temperature phase consists of K+ ions fixed in their rocksaltstructure positions relative to the substrate and the CN- ions oriented so that their dipoles are aligned antiferroelectrically within the new unit cell.
Highest Purity Potassium Cyanide (kcn) For Sale
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Betterstill,we supply Potassium Cyanide (KCN) for electroplate use, pesticide use,gold mining use, processing jewelry use and other industry We are manufacturers of potassium cyanide.We can offer you three grades at very moderate rates;KCN 90%, KCN 98% and KCN 99%. We are manufacturers of potassium cyanide.We can offer you two grades at very moderate rates;NaCN 90% and NaCN 98%.Presently we have stocks of potassium cyanide for industrial grade,medicinal grade and food grade.We can supply in powder,briquettes and capsules.We are ready at any time to receive inquiries from new buyers.Contact me for more details We can also accpet very small quantity order for lab-use, such as 100-1,000Grams. Welcome your order !
Potassium Cyanide KCN Industrial Chemical Materials
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Index name
Potassium cyanide(%)
Potassium hydroxide(%)
Potassium carbonate(%)
Moisture(%)
Water unsoluble(%)
Uses: Potassium cyanide is an important chemical material for heat treatment in ore floatation to extract gold, silver, electroplating and steel.
Especially in the field of metal surface electroplating, the potassium cyanide spray possesses the advantages of higher electric current efficiency, broader allowable range of current density and more homogeneous electron-attachment compared with the sodium cyanide spray.
It's not only first used in electroplating of noble metals of gold & silver, but also widely used in electroplating of copper & zinc. It's also used as analytical chemical reagent and applied in manufacture of organic nitriles, acrylonitrile & organic glass ,pharmacy, photograph, etching & lithoprint.
Physical Properties: Molecular formula KCN, molecular weight 65.12,white pellet, easy deliquescence, bitter almond taste, apyrous itself, easily dissolved in water & alcohol, slightly dissolved in glycerin, methanol & liquid ammonia.
Absorbing moisture and carbon dioxide in the air to be resolved gradually to exude hydrogen cyanide with bitter almond taste. Its water solution may dissolve kinds of metals to complex compound. Its meltage may corrode glass & quartz.
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We manufacture Potassium Cyanide which is a colorless crystalline compound, used in jewelry for chemical gilding and buffing, gold mining or watching, electroplating and is use for many other things. Our potassium cyanide is offered in powder or cylindrical tablet each tablets weighing 100 grams.
* Color : white
* Specific gravity at 20 deg. c : 1.5200
* Solubility (grams /100 grams) at 20 deg. c: 63.0 at 35 deg. c : 71.6
* Bulk density : 680 720 kg/m3.
* Potassium cyanide (kcn) : 98% minimum. (typically 99%)
* Potassium hydroxide (koh) : 0.5% maximum
* Potassium carbonate (k2co3) : 0.3% maximum
* Potassium formate (hcook) : 0.5% maximum
* Potassium chloride as cl : 0.05% maximum
* Water (h2o) : 0.2% maximum
* Water insoluble : 0.05% maximum
* Polyethylene bags placed in M.S Drum ( for large orders) and vacuum sealed in a silver foil grip bag and delivery is in an unmarked envelope (for small quantities)
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